A comprehensive study for evaluation of the energy losses in distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generations

Abstract

The accurate evaluation of grid losses is important for grid operators, especially in the era of high penetration of distributed generations (DGs). However, determining distribution grids’ losses in large scales is a difficult task. An advanced methodology for evaluation of energy losses in large distribution systems is developed in this work. Evaluation results are presented for the supply areas of four of the largest German distribution system operators (DSOs). Additionally, other related issues such as the impact of DG on grid losses and loss reduction measures are discussed in detail.