Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles, PV, Heat Pumps in Existing Distribution Grids in the Netherlands

Abstract

This paper analyses the future impact of photovoltaic solar panels (PV), electric vehicles (EV), and heat pumps (HP) on the distribution grid and how these technologies can be used as smart grid solutions to resolve the future distribution grid bottlenecks. AC optimal powerflow simulations are used to analyse the grid bottlenecks and the effectiveness of smart grid solutions compared to traditional grid reinforcements. These solutions are finally techno-economically assessed and compared.